Caves of Isturitz and Oxocelhaya Sanctuaries of prehistoric art in Saint-Martin-d'Arberoue

Decorated caves classified as a HISTORIC MONUMENT since 1953. Site of the Pyrenees-Cantabrian chain. 80,000 years of human occupation attested. Surprising concretions and natural curiosity under the Gaztelu Hill, in Saint-Martin-d'Arberoue. Unmissable site of the Prehistoric Pyrenees network, classified as a European Cultural Route CARP- IFRAO-ISCA, part of Sites and Museums in the Basque Country and FFTS.

• Location: The Isturitz and Oxocelhaya caves are located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, in the south of France. They are located near the village of Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, in the heart of the Pyrenees mountains, about 15 km from the Atlantic coast.
• Historical and archaeological importance: The caves of Isturitz and Oxocelhaya are among the most important prehistoric sites in Europe. They were occupied by the first humans during the Upper Paleolithic, making them valuable testimonies on the evolution of man and prehistoric culture.

The Isturitz cave

• Discovery: It was discovered in 1921.

• Features: The Isturitz Cave is a network of galleries that extends over several hundred meters. It is known for its archaeological layers rich in stone tools, bones, ivory and other artifacts, which bear witness to the daily life of early humans.
• Important discoveries: Prehistoric flutes made from vulture bones, remains of animals such as deer, horses and bears, as well as stone tools, have been found in this cave. These discoveries provide information about the fauna of the time and the hunting techniques used by prehistoric men.

The Oxocelhaya Cave

• Discovery: The Oxocelhaya cave was discovered in 1969.
• Characteristics: Larger than that of Isturitz, the Oxocelhaya cave consists of several rooms and deep passages. It is famous for its engravings and cave paintings, representing animals and geometric symbols.
• Important discoveries: Objects similar to those found in Isturitz, such as bone tools and ceramic fragments, were discovered in this cave, as well as animal remains that illustrate the hunting practices of human groups of the time.
• Rock art: The rock art of the Oxocelhaya cave is one of its most fascinating features. The engravings and paintings found on the walls of the cave show great artistic mastery. They illustrate animals such as horses, deer and mammoths, which testifies to the importance of hunting in the lives of prehistoric men. This art is also a reflection of the complex relationship between man and nature, as well as the spiritual or symbolic beliefs of the time.
• Conservation and tourism: Today, the Isturitz and Oxocelhaya caves are open to the public, but they are protected by strict conservation measures to preserve their unique heritage. Visitors can explore these fascinating caverns, while respecting the preservation standards that ensure the protection of these archaeological and natural treasures.

The Isturitz and Oxocelhaya caves are must-see sites for those interested in prehistory and the evolution of humanity. They offer an exceptional insight into the lives, beliefs and cultural practices of the first Homo sapiens, and bear witness to the complexity of their societies. These caves are a true heritage of humanity, allowing us to better understand the origins of our civilization.